Homeland Security and Emergency Management Agency: Extreme Cold
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District Issues Protective Actions for Extreme Cold

Extreme cold consist of temperatures significantly colder than normal. Extremely cold conditions can cause a number of health and safety concerns, including frostbite, hypothermia, carbon monoxide poisoning and fires (from alternative heating sources).

In general, if you are experiencing extremely cold conditions you should:

  • Be aware of the fire danger from space heaters and candles; keep such devices away from all flammable materials.
  • Install recommended smoke and carbon monoxide detectors (at least one of each per floor in your home).
  • Stay indoors and use safe heating sources.
  • Indoors, do not use charcoal or other fuel-burning devices, such as grills, that produce carbon monoxide. 
  • Outdoors, stay dry and in wind protected areas.
  • Wear several layers of loose fitting, lightweight, warm clothing rather than one layer of heavy clothing.
  • Wear mittens, a hat and cover your mouth with a scarf to protect your lungs.
  • Drink plenty of non-alcoholic fluids and eat high-caloric foods. 
  • Watch for signs of frostbite-- Skin appears white and waxy, numbness or no feeling in that area and/or possible blisters.
  • Watch for signs of hypothermia-- Shivering and numbness, confusion or dizziness, stumbling and weakness, slow or slurred speech and shock. 
  • If you or someone you know is experiencing signs of hypothermia or frostbite go to a medical facility immediately. 
  • Call the Hypothermia Hotline at (800) 535-7252 if you see a homeless person stranded in the cold. Vans will transport homeless individuals to a shelter.